Optimal Energy Management for Virtual Power Plant Considering Operation and Degradation Costs of Energy Storage System and Generators

Even though generating electricity from Renewable Energy (RE) and electrification of transportation with Electric Vehicles (EVs) can reduce climate change impacts, uncertainties the RE charged demand EVs are significant challenges for energy management in power systems. To deal this problem, paper proposes an optimal method using Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept system considering solar PhotoVoltaics (PVs) Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). The Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is applied to manage minimize operation cost generators degradation costs Storage Systems (ESS) generators. effectiveness proposed approach examined tested on IEEE 24 bus Reliability Test System (RTS 24) MATPOWER tool MATLAB program calculating Optimal Flow (OPF). In study, two situations before after applying considered. simulation results demonstrate that a branch constraint violation occurs VPP concept. order solve issue, DE by dividing studied case into subcases as follows. For first subcase, objectives consisting minimization generator battery ESS second case, three comprising mentioned violations be avoided This study also suggests objective function, which total 7.06% per day compared case.